Rethinking Extinction

Rethinking Extinction

Extinction serves as the leading theoretical framework and experimental model to describe how learned behaviors diminish through absence of anticipated reinforcement. In the past decade, extinction has moved beyond the realm of associative learning theory and behavioral experimentation in animals and has become a topic of considerable interest in the neuroscience of learning, memory, and emotio...

Rethinking Trade-Driven Extinction Risk in Marine and Terrestrial Megafauna

Large animals hunted for the high value of their parts (e.g., elephant ivory and shark fins) are at risk of extinction due to both intensive international trade pressure and intrinsic biological sensitivity. However, the relative role of trade, particularly in non-perishable products, and biological factors in driving extinction risk is not well understood [1-4]. Here we identify a taxonomicall...

Rethinking the role of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in fear memory extinction.

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying extinction of fear memories have attracted considerable experimental interest in recent years, due in part to the clinical implications of this line of research for the treatment of fear-based psychiatric disorders (Milad et al. 2006; Sotres-Bayon et al. 2006). Several years ago, it was discovered that antagonists of the L-type voltage-gated calcium cha...

Work on Oneself: Rethinking Authenticity

This article addresses the concept of authenticity, a characteristic of late modern Western culture. This characteristic is viewed by some as an ideal and by others as a root of the problems inherent within Western culture. After discussing various viewpoints, the author supports the idea that authenticity should not be totally accepted or rejected and sets forth a proposal based on the so-call...

Rethinking Perspective : ' Rethinking Medicare Reform ' Needs